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Basic Spanish Phrases

Spanish is a Romance language with approximately 417 million speakers, 322 to 358 of whom speak it as a first language while the remainder speaks it as a second language. A significant number of people also speak Spanish as a foreign language. Spanish is spoken in Spain and 43 other countries including: Andorra, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, the USA and Venezuela.

The first Spanish grammar, by Antonio de Nebrija, and the first dictionaries were published during the 15th and 16th centuries. In Spain this language is generally called español (Spanish) when contrasting it with languages of other countries, such as French and English, but it is called castellano (Castilian, the language of the Castile region) when contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain, such as Galician, Basque, and Catalan.

Although the majority of the Spanish locals speak English and getting around without speaking Spanish is absolutely no problem, you may still be interested in learning the basics. So, if that should be the case, we have compiled a few phrases which are always useful.

As Spanish derives from Latin, there are formal and informal ways of addressing another individual. In the translation of some phrases below you will find the following abbreviations:


(frm) formal
(inf) informal
(sg) singular
(pl) plural

To help you with your pronunciation here are some tips:

Vowels:
A - Like ‘a’ in the word ‘father’
E - Most often pronounced like the "a" in the word "date," except that it is shorter and crisper
I - Like the "ee" in the word "see," except that the sound is shorter
O – Like the "o" in the word "no," except that the sound is shorter
U – Like the "ue" in the word "due," except that the sound is shorter

Consonants:

D - Has two separate sounds, hard and soft. At the beginning of a word and after "n" or "l", the hard Spanish "d" closely resembles the "d" in the word "dog." The difference is that when pronouncing the hard Spanish "d", the tongue touches the back of the front teeth (rather than the gum ridge, as in English). In other situations (particularly between vowels) the "d" is softer, closely resembling the "th" sound in the word "this".
R - Has two separate sounds, depending on whether or not it is the first letter of a word. Neither one of these sounds even remotely resembles the English "r" sound. When the "r" is the first letter of the word, it is trilled like the "rr". Otherwise, the "r" sounds much like the "dd" of the word "ladder." (It's not exactly the same, but it's much closer to this "dd" sound than to the English "r" sound.)

RR - A vibrating or trilling sound. The single "r" is also pronounced this way when it is the first letter of a word.

Stress
“Stress" refers to the loudness of a syllable. In Spanish, one syllable of a word usually is louder than the others. Stress is important because it can completely change the meaning of a word. The following words are identical, except for the location of the stressed syllable:
Papá father
Papa potato

Compró he bought
Compro I buy


Intonation – Statements
"Intonation" refers to pitch, or the rising and falling of one's voice. Intonation is important because it can change the meaning of an utterance. In Spanish, normal statements end in a falling pitch.

 

ENGLISH SPANISH
Welcome Bienvenido (sg) Bienvenidos (pl)
Hello ¡Hola!
Good morning Buenos días
Good afternoon / evening Buenas tardes
Good night / evening Buenas noches
Goodbye Adiós, Hasta luego, Hasta la vista, Hasta mañana
Have a nice day! ¿Que pase un buen día!
How are you? ¿Cómo está usted? (frm)
¿Cómo estas? (inf)
I am fine, thanks. And you? ¡Bien gracias! ¿Y usted? (frm)
¡Bien gracias! ¿Y tú? (inf)
Long time no see! ¡Cuánto tiempo!
¡Tanto tiempo sin verte!
What’s your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted? (frm)
¿Cómo te llamas? (inf)
My name is…. Me llamo…, Mi nombre es…
Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted? (frm)
¿De dónde eres? (inf)
I am from… Soy de…
Pleased to meet you! Mucho gusto, encantado
Cheers (as in toasting) & Good health! ¡Salud!
Bon appétit ¡Buen provecho! / ¡Buen apetito!
Have a good trip! (as in travel) ¡Buen viaje!
I don’t understand No entiendo / No comprendo
Please speak more slowly Por favor hable más despacio
Please write it down ¿Puede escribirlo, por favor?
Do you speak Spanish? ¿Habla usted español? (frm)
¿Hablas español? (inf)
Yes, a little Sí, hablo un poquito de español. / Sí, in poco
How do you say… in Spanish? ¿Cómo se dice…. en español?
Excuse me ¡Perdón! / ¡Perdoné! / ¡Disculpé!
How much is this? ¿Cuánto cuesta? / ¿Cuánto cuesta esto?
Sorry ¡Perdón! / ¡Perdone! / ¡Lo siento!
Thank you / Thank you very much Gracias / Muchas gracias
Response (from a thank you) De nada / No hay de qué
Where are the restrooms? ¿Donde están lo aseos?
¿Dónde está el baño?
¿Donde están los servicios?
Check please (as in paying for a bill) ¡La cuenta por favor!
This gentleman / lady will pay for everything Este hombre / caballero pagará por todo
Esta mujer / señora pagará por todo
Would you like to dance with me? ¿Querría bailar conmigo? (frm)
¿Querrías bailar conmigo? (inf)
I love you Te amo / Te quiero
Get well soon Que te mejores / Que te mejores pronto
¡Recupérate pronto! / Pronta recuperación
Leave me alone ¡Déjeme en paz!
Help! ¡Ayúdame!, ¡Socorro!
Fire! ¡Fuego!
Stop! ¡Alto!
Call the police! ¡Llame la policía!
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year ¡Feliz Navidad y Próspero Año Nuevo!
Happy Easter ¡Felices Pascuas!
Happy Birthday ¡Feliz cumpleaños!

 

Want to go a step further? Try the web site below! One of the best web sites for quick and easy pronunciation tips without having to go and pay, unless you really want to learn much more!

www.studyspanish.com

 



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